Keratin is a type of tough, fibrous protein that is a key structural material found in the outer layer of human skin, as well as in hair, nails, feathers, hooves, and the horns of animals. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from damage or stress and helps maintain the strength and integrity of these tissues.
Types of Keratin
There are two main types of keratin:
- Alpha-keratin: Found mainly in humans and mammals, this type is softer and more flexible. It is present in hair, skin, and nails.
- Beta-keratin: Found in reptiles and birds, this form is harder and more rigid. It is present in feathers, claws, and scales.
Functions of Keratin
- Protection: Keratin acts as a protective barrier against environmental damage such as heat, chemicals, and physical wear.
- Structural Support: It provides strength to hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin (epidermis).
- Water Resistance: In the skin, keratin helps make it waterproof, preventing excess water loss from the body.
Keratin in Hair Care
Keratin treatments are popular in hair care for smoothing and strengthening hair. These treatments involve applying keratin to the hair to reduce frizz and improve shine.
In summary, keratin is an essential protein that plays a vital role in maintaining the structure and health of various tissues in both humans and animals.
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