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CSS

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CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML (including XHTML). CSS defines how elements should be displayed on a screen, on paper, or in other media.

Key Features of CSS:

  1. Separation of Content and Design: CSS allows you to separate the content (HTML) from the visual style (CSS). This makes it easier to maintain and update the design without changing the content structure.
  2. Cascading: The “Cascading” aspect refers to the way styles are applied in a hierarchical, prioritized manner. If multiple styles are applied to an element, CSS follows certain rules to determine which style takes precedence.
  3. Reusability: Styles defined in a CSS file can be reused across multiple HTML pages, making it efficient to apply consistent design across a website.
  4. Responsive Design: CSS allows developers to create websites that adapt to different screen sizes and devices using techniques like media queries.

Basic Syntax:

A CSS rule consists of a selector and a declaration block.

selector {
  property: value;
}
  • Selector: Specifies which HTML elements the rule applies to (e.g., p for paragraphs, h1 for headings).
  • Property: Refers to the attribute (e.g., color, font-size) you want to style.
  • Value: Defines the specific value for the property (e.g., red, 16px).

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <style>
    body {
      background-color: lightblue;
    }

    h1 {
      color: white;
      text-align: center;
    }

    p {
      font-size: 20px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph styled with CSS.</p>

</body>
</html>

In this example:

  • The body background is set to light blue.
  • The h1 text is white and centered.
  • The font size of the p element is set to 20px.

Types of CSS:

  1. Inline CSS: CSS styles are applied directly within an HTML element using the style attribute.
   <p style="color: blue;">This is blue text.</p>
  1. Internal CSS: Styles are defined within the <style> tag in the <head> section of an HTML document.
   <style>
     p { color: red; }
   </style>
  1. External CSS: Styles are placed in a separate file with a .css extension, and linked to the HTML file using the <link> tag.
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

Conclusion:

CSS is an essential tool for web developers to control the layout, appearance, and responsiveness of websites, making them visually appealing and user-friendly. By leveraging CSS, you can drastically improve the efficiency of web development and ensure consistency across your web pages.

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