Lactose intolerance

What is Lactose Intolerance?

Lactose intolerance is a common digestive condition in which the body is unable to fully digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and other dairy products. This occurs due to a deficiency of lactase, an enzyme produced in the small intestine that is responsible for breaking down lactose into simpler sugars (glucose and galactose) that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Types of Lactose Intolerance

There are three main types of lactose intolerance:

1. Primary Lactose Intolerance: The most common type, usually developing as people age. Lactase production decreases naturally after childhood, making it more difficult to digest lactose.
2. Secondary Lactose Intolerance: This occurs when the small intestine reduces lactase production due to illness, injury, or surgery involving the small intestine. Conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or infections can lead to this form.
3. Congenital Lactose Intolerance: A rare genetic condition where babies are born with little or no lactase enzyme.

Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance

Symptoms typically appear 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming lactose-containing foods and may include:

• Bloating
• Diarrhea
• Gas
• Stomach cramps or pain
• Nausea

The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the amount of lactose consumed and the individual’s level of lactase deficiency.

Diagnosis

Lactose intolerance can be diagnosed through several methods:

• Lactose tolerance test: Measures blood sugar levels after consuming a lactose-rich drink.
• Hydrogen breath test: Measures hydrogen levels in your breath after consuming lactose. High levels indicate improper digestion.
• Stool acidity test: Often used for infants and children, this test checks for lactic acid in stool samples.

Management and Treatment

While there is no cure for lactose intolerance, symptoms can be managed by:

1. Dietary Adjustments:

• Reducing or eliminating dairy products.
• Choosing lactose-free or low-lactose alternatives (e.g., lactose-free milk, almond milk, soy milk).
• Consuming smaller portions of dairy products.

1. Lactase Supplements:

• Over-the-counter lactase enzyme supplements can help break down lactose when taken before consuming dairy.

1. Probiotics:

• Some studies suggest that probiotics (beneficial bacteria) may help improve lactose digestion over time.

Foods to Watch Out For

In addition to obvious sources like milk, cheese, and yogurt, lactose can also be found in processed foods such as:

• Baked goods
• Salad dressings
• Cream soups
• Certain medications (as a filler)

Always check food labels for hidden sources of lactose if you’re sensitive.

Conclusion

Lactose intolerance is a manageable condition that affects many people worldwide. By making dietary adjustments and using lactase supplements when necessary, most individuals with lactose intolerance can still enjoy a healthy and varied diet while minimizing uncomfortable symptoms. If you suspect you have lactose intolerance, it’s always a good idea to consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and personalized advice.