Genx Notes

Growth Hormone

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What is Growth Hormone?

Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is a protein hormone produced by the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. It plays a crucial role in regulating growth, metabolism, and body composition. GH stimulates growth in almost all tissues of the body, including bones and muscles, and influences various metabolic processes.

Key Functions of Growth Hormone:

  1. Promotes Growth:
  • GH stimulates the growth of bones and tissues by promoting cell division and regeneration.
  • In children and adolescents, it is essential for normal physical growth and development.
  1. Regulates Metabolism:
  • GH helps regulate the body’s metabolism by influencing how the body uses fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
  • It increases protein synthesis, promotes fat breakdown (lipolysis), and helps maintain blood glucose levels.
  1. Increases Muscle Mass:
  • GH promotes the growth of muscle tissue by stimulating protein synthesis and reducing protein breakdown.
  1. Supports Bone Health:
  • It plays a key role in bone growth by stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which promotes bone formation and mineralization.

Regulation of Growth Hormone:

The secretion of GH is controlled by two hormones released from the hypothalamus:

  • Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH): Stimulates GH production.
  • Somatostatin: Inhibits GH production.

GH secretion follows a pulsatile pattern, meaning it is released in bursts throughout the day, with the highest levels typically occurring during sleep.

Conditions Related to Growth Hormone:

  • Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD): A condition where the body does not produce enough GH, leading to stunted growth in children or other metabolic issues in adults.
  • Gigantism/Acromegaly: Conditions caused by excessive production of GH. Gigantism occurs in children before their growth plates close, leading to abnormal height. Acromegaly occurs in adults, causing enlarged bones in the hands, feet, and face.
  • Use of Synthetic Growth Hormone: Synthetic GH can be used for medical purposes to treat GH deficiencies or certain conditions like Turner syndrome or chronic kidney disease. However, it is sometimes misused by athletes or bodybuilders to enhance performance or muscle mass.

In summary, growth hormone is a vital hormone that influences growth, metabolism, and overall health. Its proper balance is essential for normal development and bodily functions.

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