Genx Notes

Kidney

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The kidney is a vital organ in the human body that plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health by filtering waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood. Humans typically have two kidneys, which are located on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage.

Key Functions of the Kidney:

  1. Filtration of Blood: The kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood daily, removing waste products and excess substances like urea, creatinine, and excess salts.
  2. Urine Production: After filtering the blood, the kidneys produce urine, which is composed of waste products and extra water. Urine is then transported to the bladder through tubes called ureters.
  3. Regulation of Electrolytes: Kidneys help maintain a balance of key electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium in the body.
  4. Blood Pressure Regulation: Through the release of hormones like renin, kidneys help regulate blood pressure.
  5. Red Blood Cell Production: The kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
  6. Acid-Base Balance: Kidneys help maintain the proper pH level in the body by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate from urine.

Structure of the Kidney:

  • Cortex: The outer layer where most filtration occurs.
  • Medulla: The inner part containing structures called nephrons that filter blood and form urine.
  • Nephrons: The functional units of the kidney; each kidney contains around 1 million nephrons.

Common Kidney-Related Conditions:

  • Kidney Stones: Hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys.
  • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A long-term condition where kidney function gradually declines.
  • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): A sudden loss of kidney function due to injury or illness.
  • Kidney Infections: Infections that affect one or both kidneys, often caused by bacteria.

Importance:

Healthy kidneys are essential for maintaining fluid balance, removing waste, and ensuring that other bodily systems (like cardiovascular health) function properly.

If you have any more specific questions about kidney health or related conditions, feel free to ask!

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